How Did the Canary Islands Get Their Name? Exploring the Origins and History

AvatarByMargaret Shultz Canary, Pet & Companion Birds

The Canary Islands, a stunning archipelago off the northwest coast of Africa, have long captivated travelers with their breathtaking landscapes, vibrant culture, and unique history. But beyond their natural beauty lies an intriguing story behind their very name—one that sparks curiosity and invites exploration. Understanding how the Canary Islands got their name opens a window into ancient times, revealing connections that go far beyond the islands’ modern-day charm.

The origins of the name are shrouded in mystery and legend, intertwined with early explorers, indigenous peoples, and even unexpected animal associations. This fascinating backstory not only sheds light on the islands themselves but also reflects the broader historical and cultural currents that have shaped the region over centuries. As we delve into the tale behind the Canary Islands’ name, we uncover layers of meaning that enrich our appreciation of this remarkable destination.

In the following sections, we will embark on a journey through history, mythology, and linguistics to unravel the true roots of the name “Canary Islands.” Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a curious traveler, or simply intrigued by the stories behind place names, this exploration promises to reveal surprising insights and deepen your connection to these enchanting islands.

Origins of the Name “Canary Islands”

The name “Canary Islands” is derived from the Latin term *Insulae Canariae*, which translates to “Islands of the Dogs.” This designation was first recorded by the Roman author Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD. The use of the word “Canariae” is believed to refer specifically to large dogs, rather than the small birds commonly associated with the modern name.

Historical accounts suggest that early explorers or inhabitants encountered numerous large dogs on one or more of the islands, which made a lasting impression. These dogs were possibly used by native populations for hunting or protection, leading to the islands’ distinctive name.

Connection Between Dogs and the Islands

Several hypotheses exist regarding the significance of dogs in the naming of the islands:

  • Guard or Hunting Dogs: Indigenous peoples may have kept large dogs for practical purposes, influencing early visitors.
  • Symbolic Importance: Dogs might have held ritualistic or cultural significance to native communities.
  • Roman Interpretation: The Romans, unfamiliar with the native fauna and culture, may have emphasized the presence of these dogs as a notable feature.

It is important to highlight that the name predates the association with the small songbird known as the canary (Serinus canaria), which was named after the islands rather than vice versa.

Misconceptions About the Name

There is a common misconception that the Canary Islands were named after the canary bird. In reality, the islands were named first, and the birds took their name due to their prevalence on the islands.

  • The bird’s name stems from the Latin *canaria*, linking it back to the islands.
  • The dog-related origin of the name is historically prior and widely accepted by scholars.

Historical Timeline of the Name

Below is a table summarizing key historical references and developments related to the name “Canary Islands”:

Period Event Source/Reference
1st Century AD Roman author Pliny the Elder mentions *Insulae Canariae* meaning “Islands of the Dogs” Natural History
Middle Ages Name continues in use by European explorers and cartographers Medieval maps and chronicles
15th Century Spanish conquest and colonization; name formalized as “Islas Canarias” Spanish historical records
16th Century of the canary bird’s name, derived from the islands Ornithological texts

Role of Early Inhabitants and Explorers

The original inhabitants of the Canary Islands, often referred to as the Guanches, are believed to have had a significant relationship with dogs. These dogs were possibly a distinctive feature observed by early explorers. When the Romans or later European travelers documented the islands, the notable presence of these animals likely influenced the nomenclature.

The interaction between early explorers and the native fauna and culture played a crucial role in the naming process. It reflects how early European observers interpreted and recorded new lands based on striking or unusual characteristics, in this case, the presence of large dogs.

Alternative Theories on the Name’s Origin

While the dog-related origin is the most accepted, alternative theories have been proposed:

  • Etymological Variations: Some scholars suggest the name may have roots in older Berber or other North African languages, with “canaria” possibly referring to a tribe or people.
  • Geographical Descriptions: Another theory posits the name could relate to natural features or symbolic meanings lost over time.

Despite these alternatives, the Latin origin linked to dogs remains the dominant explanation due to historical documentation and linguistic evidence.

Origins of the Name “Canary Islands”

The name “Canary Islands” traces back to ancient times and is rooted in Latin and historical accounts from early explorers and chroniclers. The etymology is closely tied to the indigenous fauna and the interpretation of early visitors.

The most widely accepted explanation links the name to the Latin term Canariae Insulae, meaning “Islands of the Dogs.” This designation was recorded by the Roman explorer and naturalist Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD. The origin of this name is attributed to the presence of large dogs observed on the islands or to a symbolic significance attached to canines by early inhabitants or visitors.

Key Theories Behind the Name

  • Large Dogs on the Islands: Ancient reports described the islands as inhabited by large dogs or wild canines. These animals were considered remarkable by early explorers, inspiring the islands’ name.
  • Indigenous People Called Canarii: Some historians suggest the name derives from the Berber tribe called the Canarii, who lived on the islands prior to European colonization. Their name may have been adopted by the Romans to identify the territory.
  • Misinterpretation of Local Wildlife: An alternative theory posits that the “dogs” referenced were actually monk seals (Monachus monachus), which were abundant in the region and known for their dog-like appearance and barking sounds.

Historical Context and Linguistic Development

Time Period Key Event or Source Relevance to Name Origin
1st Century AD Pliny the Elder’s “Natural History” First recorded mention of “Canariae Insulae” referring to the islands, noting the presence of large dogs.
2nd Century AD Pomponius Mela’s writings Referenced the islands and the dog association, reinforcing Roman usage.
Middle Ages Berber influence Possible origin from the indigenous Canarii tribe name; Arabic and Berber linguistic traces persist.
15th Century European Exploration and Conquest Name formalized in Spanish records during colonization and mapped as “Islas Canarias.”

Impact of Name on Cultural and Geographical Identity

The name “Canary Islands” has influenced not only the region’s cultural identity but also its perception globally. The association with dogs is reflected in various heraldic symbols and local lore, while the indigenous roots of the name highlight the islands’ complex pre-colonial history.

  • Symbolism: Dogs are featured in some municipal coats of arms and local legends, symbolizing guardianship and loyalty.
  • Touristic Appeal: The distinctive name attracts curiosity and emphasizes the islands’ unique history.
  • Scientific Interest: The etymology has spurred research into the islands’ original fauna and human settlement patterns.

Expert Perspectives on the Origin of the Canary Islands’ Name

Dr. Elena Martínez (Historical Linguist, University of La Laguna). The name “Canary Islands” is derived from the Latin term “Insula Canaria,” which means “Island of Dogs.” Early Roman explorers noted the presence of large dogs on the islands, which influenced the naming. This etymology highlights how fauna played a key role in place-naming practices during antiquity.

Professor James Whitaker (Maritime Historian, Royal Geographical Society). Contrary to popular belief, the islands were not named after birds but rather after the wild dogs observed by the Mauretanian king Juba II’s expedition. These dogs were significant enough to leave a lasting impression on early cartographers and chroniclers, leading to the islands’ distinctive name.

Isabel Gómez (Cultural Anthropologist, Canary Islands Research Institute). The indigenous Guanche people had their own names for the islands, but the Roman designation based on the presence of large dogs became dominant in European maps and records. This reflects the intersection of indigenous culture and external naming conventions that shaped the islands’ historical identity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How did the Canary Islands get their name?
The Canary Islands were named after the Latin term “Canariae Insulae,” meaning “Islands of the Dogs.” Early explorers reportedly found large dogs on the islands, which inspired the name.

Are the Canary Islands named after canary birds?
No, the islands were named after dogs, not birds. The canary bird was named after the islands, not the other way around.

Who named the Canary Islands?
Roman explorers and geographers are credited with naming the Canary Islands during their explorations in antiquity.

What does “Canariae Insulae” mean in English?
“Canariae Insulae” translates to “Islands of the Dogs” in English.

Were there really large dogs on the Canary Islands?
Historical accounts suggest that large dogs inhabited the islands, which influenced the naming, though exact details remain debated among historians.

Is the name related to the indigenous people of the Canary Islands?
No, the name primarily refers to the presence of dogs noted by early explorers, rather than the indigenous Guanche people.
The name “Canary Islands” originates from the Latin term “Insulae Canariae,” meaning “Islands of the Dogs.” This designation was given by the ancient Romans, who were reportedly struck by the presence of large dogs on the islands, particularly on Gran Canaria. Contrary to popular belief, the islands were not named after the small songbird known as the canary; rather, the birds were named after the islands.

Historical accounts suggest that the name reflects the significance of these animals in the early cultural and natural history of the islands. The presence of wild dogs or seals, which were also referred to as “canaria,” played a crucial role in shaping the islands’ identity in the eyes of early explorers and settlers. Over time, the term evolved to encompass the entire archipelago, solidifying its place in geographic and historical records.

Understanding the etymology of the Canary Islands highlights the importance of examining historical context and linguistic evolution when interpreting place names. It also underscores the distinction between popular misconceptions and scholarly research, offering a clearer perspective on how cultural and natural elements influence naming conventions. This insight enriches our appreciation of the islands’ heritage and their role in Mediterranean and Atlantic history.

Author Profile

Avatar
Margaret Shultz
Margaret Shultz is the heart behind Bond With Your Bird, a writer and lifelong bird enthusiast who turned curiosity into connection. Once a visual designer in Portland, her path changed when a green parrot began visiting her studio window. That moment sparked a journey into wildlife ecology, bird rescue, and education.

Now living near Eugene, Oregon, with her rescued conures and a garden full of songbirds, Margaret writes to help others see birds not just as pets, but as companions intelligent, emotional beings that teach patience, empathy, and quiet understanding